Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection
This bacteria is the most common cause of stomach ulcers. It weakens the protective lining of the stomach, allowing acid to create sores.
Long-term use of NSAIDs
NSAIDs are pain relievers such as; Ibuprofen, Aspirin, Naproxen
These can irritate the stomach lining and lead to ulcers, especially when used frequently.
Excess stomach acid
Conditions like Zollinger, Ellison syndrome can cause excess acid. Irregular eating habits and high-acid diets may worsen symptoms but are usually not the basic cause.
Smoking
Smoking increases stomach acid and slows down healing of ulcers.
Alcohol
Excessive alcohol irritates the stomach lining and increases acid production.
Stress
Emotional or physical stress does not directly cause ulcers, but it can worsen them or slow healing.
Severe physical stress like major surgery, burns, or injury and may lead to “stress ulcers.”
Certain foods and drinks, though they don’t cause ulcers but can worsen symptoms:
Spicy foods, Caffeine, Acidic foods, Carbonated drinks
Genetics or family history
Ulcers can run in families in some cases.
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